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Disease Profile

Andermann syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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331

US Estimated

514

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Neonatal

ICD-10

G60.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Charlevoix disease; Corpus callosum agenesis neuronopathy; Polyneuropathy, sensorimotor, with or without agenesis of the corpus callosum;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

Andermann syndrome (AS) is a disorder that damages the nerves used for muscle movement and sensation (motor and sensory neuropathy). Agenesis or malformation of the corpus callosum also occurs in most people with this disorder. Signs and symptoms of the disorder include areflexia; hypotonia; amyotrophy; severe progressive weakness and loss of sensation in the limbs; and tremors. Affected individuals typically begin walking late and lose this ability by their teenage years. Other features may include intellectual disability, seizurescontractures, scoliosis, various psychiatric symptoms, various atypical physical features, and cranial nerve problems that cause facial muscle weakness, ptosis, and difficulty following movements with the eyes (gaze palsy). It is caused by mutations in the SLC12A6 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. AS is associated with a shortened life expectancy, but affected individuals typically live into adulthood.[1]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Agenesis of corpus callosum
0001274
EEG abnormality
0002353
Global developmental delay
0001263
Hemiplegia/hemiparesis
Paralysis or weakness of one side of body
0004374
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Seizure
0001250
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Aqueductal stenosis
0002410
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of retinal pigmentation
0007703
Craniosynostosis
0001363
Myopia
Close sighted
Near sighted
Near sightedness
Nearsightedness

[ more ]

0000545
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Strabismus
Cross-eyed
Squint
Squint eyes

[ more ]

0000486
Turricephaly
Tall shaped skull
Tower skull shape

[ more ]

0000262
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
2-3 toe syndactyly
Webbed 2nd and 3rd toes
0004691
Areflexia
Absent tendon reflexes
0001284
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Axonal degeneration/regeneration
0003378
Brachycephaly
Short and broad skull
0000248
Decreased motor nerve conduction velocity
0003431
Decreased sensory nerve conduction velocity
0003448
EMG: chronic denervation signs
0003444
Facial asymmetry
Asymmetry of face
Crooked face
Unsymmetrical face

[ more ]

0000324
Facial diplegia
0001349
Flexion contracture
Flexed joint that cannot be straightened
0001371
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone

[ more ]

0001290
High palate
Elevated palate
Increased palatal height

[ more ]

0000218
Hypertelorism
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes

[ more ]

0000316
Hypoplasia of the maxilla
Decreased size of maxilla
Decreased size of upper jaw
Maxillary deficiency
Maxillary retrusion
Small maxilla
Small upper jaw
Small upper jaw bones
Upper jaw deficiency
Upper jaw retrusion

[ more ]

0000327
Increased CSF protein
0002922
Limb muscle weakness
Limb weakness
0003690
Limb tremor
Involuntary shaking of limb
0200085
Long face
Elongation of face
Increased height of face
Increased length of face
Vertical elongation of face
Vertical enlargement of face
Vertical overgrowth of face

[ more ]

0000276
Low anterior hairline
Low frontal hairline
Low-set frontal hairline

[ more ]

0000294
Macrotia
Large ears
0000400
Motor delay
0001270
Motor polyneuropathy
0007178
Narrow forehead
Decreased width of the forehead
0000341
Neonatal hypotonia
Low muscle tone, in neonatal onset
0001319
Onion bulb formation
0003383
Peripheral axonal neuropathy
0003477
Polyneuropathy
Peripheral nerve disease
0001271
Progressive
Worsens with time
0003676
Psychosis
0000709
Ptosis
Drooping upper eyelid
0000508
Respiratory tract infection
Respiratory infection
0011947
Restrictive ventilatory defect
Stiff lung or chest wall causing decreased lung volume
0002091
Scoliosis
0002650
Sensory neuropathy
Damage to nerves that sense feeling
0000763
Short nose
Decreased length of nose
Shortened nose

[ more ]

0003196
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Muscle degeneration
Muscle wasting

[ more ]

0003202
Tapered finger
Tapered fingertips
Tapering fingers

[ more ]

0001182
Ventriculomegaly
0002119
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000431

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Organizations Providing General Support

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

        In-Depth Information

        • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Andermann syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

          References

          1. Andermann syndrome. Genetics Home Reference. June 2008; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/andermann-syndrome. Accessed 3/3/2011.

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