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Disease Profile

Bixler Christian Gorlin syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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331

US Estimated

514

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Neonatal

ICD-10

Q87.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

HMC syndrome; Hypertelorism microtia facial clefting syndrome

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases; Mouth Diseases;

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 2213

Definition
Hypertelorism-microtia-facial clefting syndrome, or HMC syndrome, is a very rare syndrome characterized by the combination of hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate and microtia.

Epidemiology
Nine cases have been reported in the literature in seven families.

Clinical description
Some patients have associated cardiac or renal congenital malformations. Short stature and intellectual deficiency are common.

Antenatal diagnosis
Antenatal diagnosis is possible by ultrasonographic monitoring.

Genetic counseling
The reported cases support autosomal recessive inheritance.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Atresia of the external auditory canal
Absent ear canal
0000413
Hypertelorism
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes

[ more ]

0000316
Median cleft lip and palate
Central cleft lip and palate
Midline cleft lip/palate

[ more ]

0008501
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Microtia
Small ears
Underdeveloped ears

[ more ]

0008551
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Conductive hearing impairment
Conductive deafness
Conductive hearing loss

[ more ]

0000405
Crossed fused renal ectopia
0004736
Global developmental delay
0001263
Horseshoe kidney
Horseshoe kidneys
0000085
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Severe short stature
Dwarfism
Proportionate dwarfism
Short stature, severe

[ more ]

0003510
Specific learning disability
0001328
Thenar muscle atrophy
0003393
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Bifid nasal tip
Cleft nasal tip
0000456
Bifid nose
Indentation or clefting of the nose
0011803
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
2-3 toe syndactyly
Webbed 2nd and 3rd toes
0004691
Abnormal heart morphology
Abnormality of the heart
Abnormally shaped heart
Heart defect

[ more ]

0001627
Abnormal vertebral morphology
0003468
Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology
0030680
Abnormality of the vertebral column
Abnormal spine
Abnormal vertebral column
Abnormality of the spine

[ more ]

0000925
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Broad nasal tip
Broad tip of nose
Broad, upturned nose
Increased breadth of nasal tip
Increased breadth of tip of nose
Increased width of nasal tip
Increased width of tip of nose
Nasal tip, broad
Nasal tip, wide
Wide tip of nose

[ more ]

0000455
Cleft palate
Cleft roof of mouth
0000175
Cleft upper lip
Harelip
0000204
Ectopic kidney
Abnormal kidney location
Displaced kidney

[ more ]

0000086
Facial cleft
Cleft of the face
0002006
Micrognathia
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw

[ more ]

0000347
Narrow mouth
Small mouth
0000160
Psychomotor retardation
0025356
Short 5th finger
Short fifth finger
Short fifth fingers
Short little finger
Short pinkie finger
Short pinky finger

[ more ]

0009237
Small thenar eminence
0001245

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Bixler Christian Gorlin syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.