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Disease Profile

Christianson syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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331

US Estimated

514

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

Q87.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Intellectual disability x-linked syndromic Christianson type; MRXS Christianson; Angelman-like syndrome x-linked;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

Christianson syndrome is an X-linked syndrome associated with intellectual disabilitymicrocephaly, seizures, ataxia, and absent speech.[1][2] Many individuals with this condition have a happy demeanor with frequent smiling and unprovoked laughter, similar to those with Angelman syndrome.[1] Christianson syndrome is caused by mutations in the SLC9A6 gene, which is located within the q24-q27 interval of the X chromosome.[1] There appears to be a range of phenotypes in carrier females, from intellectual disability to absence of symptoms.[1][2]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Absent speech
Absent speech development
Lack of language development
Lack of speech
No speech development
No speech or language development
Nonverbal

[ more ]

0001344
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum
Absent/small cerebellum
Absent/underdeveloped cerebellum

[ more ]

0007360
Cachexia
Wasting syndrome
0004326
Cerebellar atrophy
Degeneration of cerebellum
0001272
Developmental regression
Loss of developmental milestones
Mental deterioration in childhood

[ more ]

0002376
Generalized-onset seizure
0002197
Intellectual disability, profound
IQ less than 20
0002187
Long face
Elongation of face
Increased height of face
Increased length of face
Vertical elongation of face
Vertical enlargement of face
Vertical overgrowth of face

[ more ]

0000276
Macrotia
Large ears
0000400
Narrow face
Decreased breadth of face
Decreased width of face

[ more ]

0000275
Neuronal loss in central nervous system
Loss of brain cells
0002529
Severe global developmental delay
0011344
Strabismus
Cross-eyed
Squint
Squint eyes

[ more ]

0000486
Thick eyebrow
Bushy eyebrows
Dense eyebrow
Heavy eyebrows
Prominent eyebrows
Thick eyebrows

[ more ]

0000574
Truncal ataxia
Instability or lack of coordination of central trunk muscles
0002078
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Adducted thumb
Inward turned thumb
0001181
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
0007370
Autism
0000717
Cerebral cortical atrophy
Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells
0002120
Conspicuously happy disposition
0100024
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Dystonia
0001332
Feeding difficulties in infancy
0008872
Gait ataxia
Inability to coordinate movements when walking
0002066
Gastroesophageal reflux
Acid reflux
Acid reflux disease
Heartburn

[ more ]

0002020
Inappropriate laughter
0000748
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Mutism
Inability to speak
Muteness

[ more ]

0002300
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Ophthalmoplegia
Eye muscle paralysis
0000602
Pectus excavatum
Funnel chest
0000767
Stereotypy
Repetitive movements
Repetitive or self-injurious behavior

[ more ]

0000733
Ventriculomegaly
0002119
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the nose
Nasal abnormality
0000366
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
0002804
Death in early adulthood
0100613
Decreased muscle mass
0003199
Deeply set eye
Deep set eye
Deep-set eyes
Sunken eye

[ more ]

0000490
Joint hyperflexibility
Joints move beyond expected range of motion
0005692
Mandibular prognathia
Big lower jaw
Increased projection of lower jaw
Increased size of lower jaw
Large lower jaw
Prominent chin
Prominent lower jaw

[ more ]

0000303
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal foot morphology
Abnormal feet structure
Abnormality of the feet
Abnormality of the foot
Foot deformities
Foot deformity

[ more ]

0001760
Bowel incontinence
Loss of bowel control
0002607
Decreased body weight
Decreased weight
Low body weight
Low weight
Weight less than 3rd percentile

[ more ]

0004325
Drooling
Dribbling
0002307
Flexion contracture
Flexed joint that cannot be straightened
0001371
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone

[ more ]

0001290
Global developmental delay
0001263
Happy demeanor
0040082
Hyperkinetic movements
Muscle spasms
0002487
Intellectual disability, progressive
Mental retardation, progressive
Progressive mental retardation

[ more ]

0006887
Intellectual disability, severe
Early and severe mental retardation
Mental retardation, severe
Severe mental retardation

[ more ]

0010864
Long nose
Elongated nose
Increased height of nose
Increased length of nose
Increased nasal height
Increased nasal length
Nasal elongation

[ more ]

0003189
Loss of ability to walk in first decade

Related diseases

Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
Differential diagnoses include Angelman syndrome, spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (see these terms) and other X-linked forms of intellectual deficiencies.
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

    In-Depth Information

    • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
    • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
    • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
    • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Christianson syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

      References

      1. Mental Retardation, X-Linked, Syndromic, Christianson Type. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). February 24, 2015; https://omim.org/entry/300243. Accessed 12/21/2015.
      2. Gilfillan GD, Selmer KK, Roxrud I, Smith R, Kyllerman M, Eiklid K, Kroken M, Mattingsdal M, Egeland T, Stenmark H, Sjøholm H, Server A, Samuelsson L, Christianson A, Tarpey P, Whibley A, Stratton MR, Futreal PA, Teague J, Edkins S, Gecz J, Turner G, Raymond FL, Schwartz C, Stevenson RE, Undlien DE, Strømme P. Am J Hum Genet. 2008; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2427207/?tool=pubmed. Accessed 1/6/2010.
      3. Intellectual deficit, X-linked, South African type. Orphanet. 2007; https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=85278. Accessed 1/6/2010.

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