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Disease Profile

PPM-X syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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331

US Estimated

514

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

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ICD-10

F71.1

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Intellectual deficit, X-linked psychosis macroorchidism; MRXS13

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 3077

Definition
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, variable degree of intellectual disability, speech delay or absent speech, pyramidal signs, tremor, macroorchidism and variable mood and behavior problems, including psychosis and autistic-like behavior. Males are predominantly affected, some females show lower cognitive abilities.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Aggressive behavior
Aggression
Aggressive behaviour
Aggressiveness

[ more ]

0000718
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
0006801
Hyperactivity
More active than typical
0000752
Irritability
Irritable
0000737
Macroorchidism
Large testis
0000053
Seizure
0001250
Sleep disturbance
Difficulty sleeping
Trouble sleeping

[ more ]

0002360
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Anorexia
0002039
Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar disorder
0007302
Congestive heart failure
Cardiac failure
Cardiac failures
Heart failure

[ more ]

0001635
Focal EEG discharges with secondary generalization
0011188
Intellectual disability, moderate
IQ between 34 and 49
0002342
Intellectual disability, severe
Early and severe mental retardation
Mental retardation, severe
Severe mental retardation

[ more ]

0010864
Lower limb hyperreflexia
Overactive lower leg reflex
0002395
Lower limb spasticity
0002061
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal fear/anxiety-related behavior
0100852
Broad-based gait
Wide based walk
0002136
Kyphoscoliosis
0002751
Obesity
Having too much body fat
0001513
Parkinsonism
0001300
Resting tremor
Tremor at rest
0002322
Shuffling gait
Shuffled walk
0002362
Stooped posture
0025403
Stroke
0001297
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of the dentition
Abnormal dentition
Abnormal teeth
Dental abnormality

[ more ]

0000164
Ataxia
0001251
Babinski sign
0003487
Bruxism
Teeth grinding
0003763
Choreoathetosis
0001266
Delayed speech and language development
Deficiency of speech development
Delayed language development
Delayed speech
Delayed speech acquisition
Delayed speech development
Impaired speech and language development
Impaired speech development
Language delay
Language delayed
Language development deficit
Late-onset speech development
Poor language development
Speech and language delay
Speech and language difficulties
Speech delay

[ more ]

0000750
Drooling
Dribbling
0002307
EEG abnormality
0002353
Excessive salivation
Mouth watering
Oversalivation
Watery mouth

[ more ]

0003781
Facial hypotonia
Decreased facial muscle tone
Low facial muscle tone
Reduced facial muscle tone

[ more ]

0000297
Global developmental delay
0001263
High palate
Elevated palate
Increased palatal height

[ more ]

0000218
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Intellectual disability, mild
Mental retardation, borderline-mild
Mild and nonprogressive mental retardation
Mild mental retardation

[ more ]

0001256
Macrotia
Large ears
0000400
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Micrognathia
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw

[ more ]

0000347
Pes cavus
High-arched foot
0001761
Psychosis
0000709
Short neck
Decreased length of neck
0000470
Slow progression
Signs and symptoms worsen slowly with time
0003677
Spastic gait
Spastic walk
0002064
Tremor
0001337
X-linked recessive inheritance
0001419

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • Orphanet lists international laboratories offering diagnostic testing for this condition.

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

In-Depth Information

  • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss PPM-X syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.