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Disease Profile

Spinocerebellar ataxia 14

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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331

US Estimated

514

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

-

ICD-10

G11.2

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

SCA14; Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 98763

Definition
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) is a rare mild subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I; see this term). It is characterized by slowly progressive ataxia, dysarthria and nystagmus.

Epidemiology
The disease has been reported in more than twenty families from Europe, the United States, and Australia.

Clinical description
Onset is usually in early adulthood while symptomatic disease onset may be from 10 to 70 years (mean = 33.9 years). In addition to cerebellar signs, hyperreflexia and decreased vibration sense are frequently observed. Some patients have cognitive impairment, parkinsonism characterized by rigidity, as well as focal dystonia, axial myoclonus, facial myokymia, choreic movement of hands and epilepsy.

Etiology
SCA14 is caused by missense mutations in the PRKCG gene (19q13.4) encoding protein kinase C gamma (PKC-gamma).

Prognosis
Prognosis is good. Some patients need supportive devices such as a cane or wheelchair for gait impairment. However, several affected patients have lived beyond 80 years of age.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Gait ataxia
Inability to coordinate movements when walking
0002066
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the Achilles tendon
0005109
Cerebellar vermis atrophy
0006855
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone

[ more ]

0001290
Limb ataxia
0002070
Progressive cerebellar ataxia
0002073
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Cognitive impairment
Abnormality of cognition
Cognitive abnormality
Cognitive defects
Cognitive deficits
Intellectual impairment
Mental impairment

[ more ]

0100543
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Gaze-evoked nystagmus
0000640
Hyporeflexia of lower limbs
0002600
Myoclonus
0001336
Rigidity
Muscle rigidity
0002063
Saccadic smooth pursuit
0001152
Sensory impairment
0003474
Tremor
0001337
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit
Attention deficit disorder
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficits
Childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

[ more ]

0007018
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Cerebellar atrophy
Degeneration of cerebellum
0001272
Depressivity
Depression
0000716
Dysmetria
Lack of coordination of movement
0001310
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Facial myokymia
Involuntary facial quivering
0000317
Focal dystonia
0004373
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Impaired vibration sensation at ankles
Decreased vibration sense at ankles
Decreased vibration sense in feet

[ more ]

0006938
Incomplete penetrance
0003829
Memory impairment
Forgetfulness
Memory loss
Memory problems
Poor memory

[ more ]

0002354
Mental deterioration
Cognitive decline
Cognitive decline, progressive
Intellectual deterioration
Progressive cognitive decline

[ more ]

0001268
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Slow progression
Signs and symptoms worsen slowly with time
0003677

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Making an Informed Choice about Genetic Testing is a booklet providing information about spinocerebellar ataxia and is available as a PDF document on the University of Washington Medical Center Web site. Click on the title above to view this resource.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

        In-Depth Information

        • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Spinocerebellar ataxia 14. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.